Best angle of climb. The speed to achieve the maximum RATE of Climb ie.
Best angle of climb Climbing Flight # In climbing flight, \ (T>D\), so the aircraft cannot maintain equilibrium in straight and level flight. 2135, Wang (2015) Legal Interpretation Note: Changes to 14 CFR Part 23 do not impact how airplanes were previously certificated. Determining performance data for the aircraft’s Pilot Operating Handbook (POH), including rate of climb performance, takeoff and landing distances, airspeed calibration error, fuel burn and cruise speed tables. Forget about airplanes and flying for a second and put yourself in a car. The max angle climb speed (below 320 tonnes) is Vf30+100. Sep 20, 2018 · On a nonstandard day, you can measure the outside air temperature (OAT) and make appropriate corrections. For want of anything better and for practical purposes I use Econ Climb Speed at Cost Index 0. Stated differently:Vy will get you to a particular altitude in the least amount of time, but will take more distance over the ground than would Vx. Jan 13, 2018 · Establishing the critical performance airspeeds, including stall speed, best angle of climb, best rate of climb and best glide speed. You can probably recite the definitions, but understanding why we focus on those speeds will better help you choose one. au to find out how. As I gain altitude, the airspeed goes lower and As the previous response, Vx and Vy are best angle and best rate of climb. Both increase. Can someone please explain the differences and science between best rate and best angle of climb and how are they different. In Best Angle of Climb on L/Dmax Chart Best Rate-of-Climb: The best rate of climb, or Vy, maximizes velocity to obtain the greatest gain in altitude over a given time. b. You climb as a function of excess thrust from the prop, not excess lift from the wings. Question is why the best glide speed (V_LD) is higher than best angle of climb speed (V_X)? Reason for asking: V_LD is the best lift-to-drag ratio. This is often referred to as best glide speed and, on most airplanes, it will be roughly halfway between Vx (best angle of climb speed) and Vy (best rate of climb speed). BEST GLIDE SPEED Stall in landing configuration Stall in cruise configuration Rotation speed Best angle of climb speed Best rate of climb speed Maneuvering speed Flaps extended Climbing Flight A schematic of an airplane in a climb is shown in the figure below. Also on page 2-12 under climb speeds the dialog indicates maximum rate or climb (vy) is 82 mph to 79 mph depending on altitude and 68 mph if obstructions dictates the use of a steep climb angle (vx). This is important for clearing an obstacle, and therefore is the speed a pilot uses when executing a "short field" takeoff. Don’t let Excel choose the axis scales for you; ensure both scales begin at zero to provide a true origin. Vx gives greatest altitude gain in the shortest horizontal distance Higher climb gradient is achieved with higher angle of Climb Best rate of Climb Airspeed is defined as the speed which gives maximum altitude gain in shortest time. Feb 12, 2008 · VX= Best Angle of climb speed all engines OP FROM FCTM A320 Once airborne The speed can be selected on FCU to achieve the maximum RATE of climb or the maximum GRADIENT of climb. Looking at Fig. " Aug 21, 2017 · The best rate-of-climb and angle-of-climb is always reached with flaps up. They are calculated values derived from flight tests conducted by the Cessna Aircraft Company under carefully documented conditions and will vary with individual airplanes and numerous other factors affecting flight performance. One would apply full power during climb and pitch the aircraft to maintain these specific airspeeds in order to obtain the best angle of climb or the best rate of climb. Doing some rough interpolations it looks like the Vx increases roughly . Vxse — Best Single-Engine Angle of Climb The best angle of climb on a single engine is Vxse. "Normal" (whatever that means) Rate of Climb flaps up is 89 at Sea Level decreasing to 79 at 7K feet according to the same charts. In jets like a Gulfstream, they’re pretty much irrelevant. These speeds are normally flown in GA aircraft. Apr 22, 2025 · Climb performance is key when flying a Cessna 172 airplane, especially during takeoff and early climb. My question is, is there a preferred angle for each aircraft? I know it can be affected by the airframe itself, horse power of the engines, and what kind of payload it could be carrying when it Rate of Climb Calculator All Physics Calculators Angle of Climb Formula The following formula is used to calculate the angle of climb for a given vertical speed and ground speed. For climbing en route, a speed of 87 KIAS is recommended. But NOT thrust setting. , At higher May 30, 2017 · If I'm not mistaken, 15-20° is a climb angle. The pitch angle from the body reference axis relative to the horizontal reference is given the symbol , the angle of attack is , and is the climb or flight path angle. They use the resulting flight test data to help deter-mine specific best speeds for safe operation of the aircraft. Vx results in a steeper, slower climb while Vy gives a faster, shallower climb. Mar 15, 2025 · How does a short field takeoff differ from a normal one? It starts by achieving a short ground roll, and then climbing at the best angle you can to clear obstacles (Vx). So what are the steps of a short field takeoff? We'll break it down into three phases I'm struggling to figure out why that is the case. I used to wait for 600' to retract even to zero, even when no obstacles. Thus, if it is necessary to clear an obstacle after takeoff, the propeller powered airplane will attain maximum angle of climb . Best Rate of Climb (Vy) and Best Angle of Climb (Vx) After take-off, until clearing obstacles, pilots need a speed which gives them most altitude gain in shortest distance. Sep 18, 2023 · Vx is the best angle of climb speed, with all engines operating. An advantage of this technique is that the flying and data reduction are easy. Both depend on Angle of Attack (via coefficients of lift and drag), speed (induced + parasite). Jan 15, 2025 · VX is the airspeed that provides the best angle of climb. I can't figure it out, why does it happen? There are, however, some situations in which it is in the pilot's best interest to forgo best rate of climb and go for best angle of climb. Vx is your best angle of climb speed, and Vy is your best rate of climb speed. Optimal climb performance involves selecting specific airspeeds (V X for best angle, V Y for best rate, or a cruising climb) tailored to objectives, alongside precise power management, mixture leaning, and Best angle of climb – Vx is the V-speed symbol. e. In other words, if you maintain VX, you’ll gain the most altitude in the shortest horizontal distance. I'm now cleaning up in ground effect and The above performance figures are based on the indicated weights, standard atmospheric conditions, level hard-surface dry runways and no wind. Practically, max angle speed is Vref30+100 / M0. Normally those are referred to as Vx and Vy -- best angle of climb speed (best gradient -- most vertical distance climbed per distance of forward travel) is Vx, and best rate of climb speed is Vy (best rate of climb speed -- most altitude gained per unit of time). Best Angle of Climb Speed (Vx): The airspeed at which the aircraft gains the most altitude over a Aug 15, 2004 · SWM On the B747-400 the best rate of climb airspeed is the best angle climb speed + 25 kts. 74 (1' altitude gain for every 3. Nov 15, 2012 · On page 1-4 and continuing on 1-5 under "maximum performance take-off" it calls for a climb speed of 68 mph until all obstacles are cleared. This is used to reach a desired altitude in the minimum amount of time. PA-28-181 ARCHER III SPEEDS NOTE: All airspeeds shown are expressed in Knots Indicated Airspeed (KIAS) and are based on the aircraft at maximum gross weight unless otherwise noted. Technical website for Boeing 737 pilots and engineers. Vx is best angle of climb. Notice that the angles are exaggerated here for clarity compared to what an average climb would look like. The fuel selector should be in the BOTH position for takeoff, climb, descent, landing, and maneuvers that involve prolonged slips or skids. This belief is obviously held by experimental builders as evidenced by the links I provided. A typical cruise climb speed is 150 knots. You may hear the This article deals with the flight segment after the takeoff phase until reaching the cruise altitude. If you need to clear trees on the takeoff roll, fly at Vx. Aug 14, 2023 · If my speed for best angle of climb is 60 and rate is 79, if I kept a 500 fpm climb to my cruise altitude of let’s say 4500, would those speed change? The flights are being done on separate occasions. But if you need to climb more steeply, then VX is the best airspeed to use. The plane has a real-world cruise speed of about 255 knots and a real-world range of more than 1500 nautical miles. 8 kts per 1000ft giving you a Vx at 6000ft of 72mph and Sep 21, 2025 · Seemed like the way to go! What I ended up determining after processing a lot of data is my best angle of climbing is a climb ratio of 3. Speed for best angle of climb increases while the speed for best rate of climb decreases. Va is maneuvering speed. Aug 30, 2022 · VX and VY are arguably the two most important V speeds in all of aviation. Oct 25, 2021 · I’m a new user working my way through the Flight Training tutorials. Oct 4, 2011 · Vx (best angle of climb) is used immediately after takeoff to clear obstacles, providing the maximum altitude gain over the shortest horizontal distance. , for the propeller powered airplane, the maximum excess thrust and angle of climb will occur at some speed just above the stall speed. My best climb rate is 1,800 Feet-per-minute at 90kts. Aircraft Performance # In aircraft performance, the climb or glide angle is denoted by \ (\theta\) in numerous texts - for example - and this angle represents the angle between the aircraft flight direction and the horizontal plane. The vehicle is assumed to be climbing at a constant angle (θ) and at a constant forward velocity (V) with a climb rate of d h d t The balance of forces in the direction Apr 21, 2017 · Hello folks, Would someone be able to explain when you would use Best Angle of Climb speed and when you would use Best Rate of Climb speed. Why? Because of the slope of the thrust available line Nov 22, 2018 · Best angle of climb is usually found close to the minimum sink speed, where the drag curves cross and the power required is at a minimum, giving a maximum angle of climb due to the slower airspeed where this occurs. O. We can say that, in a climb, our attitude is a measure of our angle of climb plus our angle of attack. May 15, 2025 · When it comes to understanding aircraft climb performance, the speeds known as Vx - the best angle of climb speed and Vy - the best rate of climb speed are crucial for pilots to master. Oct 17, 2022 · The speed for best angle of climb, also known as Vx, is that in which the aeroplane gains more height whilst achieving the shortest possible horizontal distance. Asked by: agronsky 9527 views best, climb, glide, speed Aerodynamics Good day. In a Cessna 172 you can gain the most altitude in the shortest distance by flying 60 knots indicated at Vx. Kind regards, The maximum angle of climb would occur where there exists the greatest difference between thrust available and thrust required; i. 20, you will see that this should really be denoted by \ (\gamma\). For example, when taking off which do I stick to? Jun 15, 2015 · Best RoC occurs at the speed where greatest excess thrust (thrust available/thrust required graph plots) exists. 2105, 14 CFR 23. VX is the best angle of climb and VY is the best rate of climb. The short-field target speed (usually) and then generally only until the obstacles are cleared. If you want to climb fast you should be climbing at Vy (maximum rate of climb), if you want to climb at the best angle, you climb at Vx (maximum climb angle). Oil dipstick is located at the right rear of the engine. is 67 mph. The aircraft ascends with climb angle \ (\bar {\gamma}\), with the horizontal component of the aircraft weight opposing the thrust. Fig. The maximum angle of climb on the other hand is where the aircraft gains the most altitude in a given distance, regardless of the time needed for the maneuver. Mar 31, 2019 · Vx versus Vy: Best Angle of Climb versus Best Rate of Climb Testing for best rate-of-climb means taking off, climbing at a certain speed for a minute or more, landing, refueling, and doing it again at a different speed. This gives us a reduced rate of 550ft per minute. In most cases, VY is used because it gets the plane to altitude the fastest. In fact, in your scenario, they are completely irrelevant, as the speed limit below 10,000 feet is 250 knots, and those speeds in most high performance swept wing jets is higher than 250 knots. It is also a long held belief by aviators evidenced by the practice of retracting once obstacles are cleared. Best Rate of Climb Speed (Vy): The airspeed at which the aircraft gains altitude the fastest (maximum vertical speed or Rate of Climb, RoC). 84 - source BA Training Study Guide from 1998. Sep 29, 2017 · STEP 3 FIND Vx ON YOUR CHART The amount of power you have available to climb is the difference between the thrust line (blue) and the drag curve (black). If there is a surplus of power available, the helicopter can climb vertically, so VX is zero. May 22, 2002 · The best angle of climb is usually quoted as circa 45kts which should also give you oei climb in the event of a power unit failure in a twin engine helicopter. This could obviously reduce as AUM is reduced depending on power/weight ratio for the helicopter type. Normal climb, best rate, best angle, various airspeed Jul 30, 2023 · In aviation, the best angle of climb speed, also known as Vx, is a critical parameter that pilots consider during takeoff and climb phases of flight. By keeping your ground roll short, you don't use as much runway. Vy (best rate of climb) is subsequently Best Angle of Climb A descriptions of the reasons for flight training Jan 18, 2025 · Introduction Purpose: The relationship between Vy (Best Rate of Climb), Vx (Best Angle of Climb), and Vg (Best Glide Speed). 2100, 14 CFR 23. The best angle of climb will result in a steeper climb path, although the airplane will take longer to reach the same altitude than it would at best rate of climb. com. The Vx and the Vy, also called best angle and best rate climb, are two climb speeds. When working against a headwind it is typically the case that going higher than about 18,000' is not helpful. Easy, Vx is best angle of climb, meaning that the angle between your airplanes trajectory and the ground is biggest, which i neffect means you climb covering the least amount of grand before reaching your desired altitude. Depending on your flight you may want to choose the Vx or the Vy for your "The best rate of climb at gross weight will be obtained at 79 KIAS. 74' movement forward) at about 70kts. The POH will provide the relevant speeds for a particular aircraft. d. I’m flying the Cessna 152 which according to the POH has a best rate of climb at around 75 KIAS/700 feet per minute. You need to know both the best angle of climb (Vx) and best rate of climb (Vy) for different conditions. An example, at weight 21,000kg, isa cond, max altitude for 170 is 23396 and 190 is 20607. Angle of attack is the angle described between the chord line of the wing and the relative wind. Doing a balance of forces I obtained the t No! There is no specific pitch angle here, only a particular airspeed in which the greatest excess thrust or power is available for climb. Vtoss is the minimum airspeed at which a helicopter can maintain a climb if its most critical engine V speeds (kts) Vx = 62 - Best angle of climb Vx (10) = 56 Best angle of climb (Flaps 10 degree) Vy = 76 - Best rate of climb Vr = 55 - Rotation (Optimal take-off speed) Va = 90 - 105 - Maneuver Vg = 68 - Best Glide (Maximum gliding distance per unit of altitude drop) Vfe = 110/85 - Flaps Extension Vs0 = 40 (Stalling speed, Full flaps - landing Jan 2, 2025 · Vyse — Best Single-Engine Rate of Climb The best rate of climb after an engine has failed. At lighter than gross weight these speeds are reduced somewhat. Obviously (?) the speeds are a function of aircraft mass, as the mass increases, Vfe30 increases. Oct 30, 2023 · As an airplane climbs, the best angle of climb airspeed (Vx) increases and the best rate of climb airspeed (Vy) decreases. Both decrease, At higher altitudes, the Feb 2, 2013 · The best angle of climb speed (Vx) for the A and B models is as George mentioned above is 67 at sea level - it increases with altitude. You repeat this process varying airspeed and then plot the resulting rates of climb versus airspeed to determine the best angle and rate of climb. My confusion is I’m assuming best angle of climb will also get the aircraft up at cruise at the shortest time (Think: F-18 at 90deg pitch=least ground track and least time all at once) Archived post. Climbing is the process whereby an aircraft gains altitude. Or, in reference to the speed Vx, it is the speed at which the greatest altitude gain over a given distance can be achieved. The Vy speed is typically faster than Vx. There are, however, some situations in which it is in the pilot’s best interest to forgo best rate of climb and go for best angle of climb. Once the designers and manufacturers have done their part, government flight inspectors verify the data during type-certification testing. Choose the right climbing wall angle, from 10-degree slabs for beginners to 45-degree overhangs for pros, to enhance training effectiveness and enjoyment. Answer: Vx Explanation: Vx is best angle of climb After takeoff, which airspeed would the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time? Answer: Vy Explanation: Vy is the best rate of climb speed. Vyse is shown on the airspeed indicator by a blue radial line in planes less than 12,500 pounds. Dec 20, 2018 · Best Angle of Climb Speed (V X) To determine V X start by plotting the ROC versus IAS. Best rate (Vy) is 89mph at sea level and decreases with altitude and where the two meet is the "Absolute Altitude" of the airplane. Angle of Climb For the general case of an arbitrary drag polar, we can obtain the angle and rate of climb using graphical techniques. Climbing at this speed will yield the greatest height gain per distance traveled. Let's say that we now fly the same example at the best angke speed of 50Kt (Vx). Nov 16, 2006 · Angle of climb is essentially a matter of how slowly you can fly, other things being equal; and so a flap setting that lowers stalling speed without disproportionately increasing drag will allow Apr 12, 2024 · Third, you might be climbing at an optimal speed but that doesn’t mean you can engage at that climb speed. CLIMB AND DESCENT Climb Performance Once the aircraft has left the ground and a constant speed climb established, then climb performance can be simply calculated using a balance of the forces acting on the climbing vehicle. Site includes news, system and operating notes, technical photographs, databases and related links. Jul 21, 2023 · The Trigonometry of Aviation: How Math Keeps Planes in the Sky Trigonometry is crucial in aviation. But first, let’s V-Speeds for Climb and Cruise: VX: Best Angle of Climb Speed: VX represents the airspeed at which the aircraft achieves the maximum altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance traveled, optimizing climb performance in obstacle-clearance scenarios. May 10, 2010 · The whole idea of flying at the speed for best angle is to sacrifice a small amount of climb rate in return for a (proportionally) bigger reduction in speed. Speed for best angle of climb decreases while the speed for best rate of climb increases. The best angle of climb may be obtained at 63 KIAS. V X best angle of climb 64 Knots V Y best rate of climb 76 Knots V F E Maximum flap extended speed 102 Knots V N O I always get outclimbed by teamates and enemies, I know each plane is a different world but it there is a method of getting the best angle for climbing? I usually go with 10% for jets but I cant remember what I used to do with props Jan 21, 2008 · Best economy lean: lean the mixture to peak EGT (engine roughness may occur in some conditions). Jul 30, 2024 · Discover the crucial differences between Vx (best angle of climb speed) and Vy (best rate of climb speed) in aviation. Now I would assume this is calculated at a certain angle/speed combination so that the airframe is not losing speed as it climbs to altitude. Learn when to use each speed for optimal performance, common mistakes pilots make, and practical scenarios to enhance your flying safety and efficiency. To find the angle of climb at any given flight speed we can go into the thrust and drag vs airspeed plots and just read off the thrust available and the thrust required (drag) at that given airspeed, take the difference, and divide by the weight. Best angle of climb speed is 110 knots and best rate (Vy) is 120 knots. Vx Note: These videos are for flight simming only and are not a substitute for going to an actual flight school to acquire your pilots license. Operation from either the LEFT or RIGHT position is reserved for level cruising flight only. Since if I remember right, Vy is about 85, you should climb immediately. Best Angle of Climb (Vx) will get you to a particular altitude within the shortest distance. Dec 10, 2024 · Each aircraft has a rate of climb listed in their stats. Jul 6, 2005 · I believe the best angle of climb speed would be the same as at the best lift to drag ratio (or coefficient of lift) speed, which can be determined by finding the speed at which altitude can be maintained with the least amount of power. The speed to achieve the maximum RATE of Climb ie. Nov 1, 2019 · When you’re established in steady-state flight—whether it’s straight and level, climbing, or descending—another instrument becomes the go-to source for fine-tuning control inputs. It is used to calculate climb angle, flight path, distance traveled and descent angle that is … The pilot should have adequate knowledge in the use and effectiveness of the best angle-of-climb speed (VX) and the best rate-of-climb speed (VY) for the specific make and model of airplane being flown in order to safely accomplish a takeoff at maximum performance. Vx is usually used for obstacle avoidance. The rate of climb would be measured in feet-per-minute, not degrees, and would depend on things like pitch angle, flap settings, throttle settings, and air density. One of the VFR modules requires you to climb from 6500 feet to 8000 feet and whatever I try, I can’t seem to do it. An obvious case is when the aircraft must clear an obstacle at the end of the runway such as a tree or tower. I'm trying to determine why the best angle of climb speed equals to best rate of climb speed at the absolute ceiling on airplanes. Best angle of climb is defined as the greatest amount of altitude that can be gained over the shortest distance. But, if you measure it, this doesn't happen at the lowest point of the curve! The largest space between thrust available and thrust required happens a little to the left of that point. 23 Forces on aircraft in a climb # Oct 5, 2024 · Related: Aircraft Performance: Best Angle of Climb Aircraft Performance: Best Rate of Climb V-Speed Quick Review How Aircraft Manufacturers Determine V MC References: 14 CFR 23. The best angle of climb speed (VX) depends upon the power available. This will produce better forward speed and in- creased visibility over the nose during the climb. Vy speed is about in the middle of the range, and Jun 27, 2013 · The aircraft flying at Vy (best rate of climb speed) will get to 5000 feet before the aircraft flying at Vx (best angle of climb speed) but it will cover more ground in doing so. Helicopters can climb vertically in some situations, in which case their airspeed is zero, so Vx is zero. Clarifying massive confusion (including myself) on V2, Vfto, Verc/Venr, Vy best rate and Vx best angle in a Jet! May 13, 2002 · Rotorheads - Best Angle of Climb - What is the best angle of climb speed for an S76A? For those of you who say 45 knots, where did you get this info. But I can’t get the plane to do this. The result will Sep 28, 2022 · I am trying to calculate the optimal flight climb angle based off of some basic power calculations for an aircraft on steady climb with an angle of theta. Oct 12, 2023 · Yet we didn't cover the related topic of angle and rate of climb, which is perhaps even more pragmatically useful. May 21, 2015 · What does this have to do with Vx and Vy? An aircraft climbs because of excess thrust or excess power. Apr 24, 2007 · Green Dot would give you the best Lift/Drag ratio, hence the best angle of climb (or holding speed). Our vertical speed, our rate of climb, is the aircraft’s vertical velocity measured at right angles to the horizon (6). To reach a given altitude in the SHORTEST TIME ,lies between ECON climb speed and Green Dot. Assists in cooling of the internal engine parts. You can determine the speed for best angle of climb by drawing a tangent from the origin to the climb rate curve. May 3, 2006 · I also think that 170 is the optimum climb speed (close to best of climb speed), but I don't think 190 is the cruise-climb speed or I'm not clear with this term. Engine Lubrication system Wet Sump type. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How do the speeds for best angle of climb and best rate of climb vary with increasing altitude? a. This means in an unaccelerated climb at a constant airspeed at the best possible angle, the difference between the thrust available that the prop can make and the thrust you require to overcome drag is the greatest. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How do the speeds for best angle of climb and best rate of climb vary with increasing altitude? Both increase. So my Vx is 70kts. You would be correct in selecting a slower airspeed to result in a higher ANGLE of climb, however the range of usable airspeeds (between where excess thrust=0 at the low and high velocity values) at altitude is relatively small. This agrees completely with my transition trainers RV-7. For descending or gliding flight, the Jun 21, 2011 · Max angle versus max rate, in an over-simplified nutshell:Best Rate of Climb (Vy) will get you to a particular altitude within the shortest amount of time. It Jul 1, 2021 · Typically when we take off in an airplane we choose whether to climb at V Y, the best rate of climb speed, or V X, the best angle of climb speed. Both decrease c. Every pilot learns that Vx is the airspeed that gives greatest angle of climb and Vy is the airspeed that gives the greatest rate of climb. Would you like to support this channel and help us grow?Visit flight-club. Climb Performance Introduction When the take-off field is confined by geographical or man made features, climb performance calculations are vital for helicopters. Use constant-airspeed climbs for a cruise climb or on climbout to maintain best rate of climb (VY) or best angle of climb (VX) speeds. Example: your min turn speed might be 330kph but u climbed at 280kph… that makes u a sitting duck in the merge. Vx increases above zero for certain loading and density altitude when the helicopter loses the ability to climb vertically. Oil lubricates the internal engine parts reducing metal to metal friction. Feb 24, 2004 · Best Angle of Climb, Flaps T. If all you wanted was maximum climb, you'd prop the aircraft to achieve maximum rated power at this airspeed. And by climbing at Vx, you more easily clear obstacles beyond the runway. Rate of climb Best rate of climb for a jet and a propeller aircraft Best rate of climb as a function of altitude An F-15 Eagle climbing and releasing flares (left) and a Boeing 737 from Enter Air, climbing with typical angle of attack for civil airplanes, to give optimal rate of climb (right) Jul 2, 2025 · Climbing and descending are fundamental flight skills guided by the "power plus attitude equals performance" formula, using engine thrust to overcome drag and achieve vertical movement. Vy occurs where there is the maximum excess power (Power Available - Power Required). For a same altitude the angle of climb when compared with that in case of Vx is shallower but time taken is less. These are critical for understanding how to optimize climb and glide performance during various phases of flight, especially when considering environmental factors and aircraft weight. If it’s distance you want, than you’ll need to use the speed and configuration that will get you the most distance forward for each increment of altitude lost. kolcagwkiptzkinxitzalgvibzvezddgwhzgifiaajdbynpwxabjnlayaggmsawngjuu